Lesson routeGlobal Circulation0/1 read
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Global Circulation
Worldwide meteorology starts with uneven heating, rising air near the equator, sinking air in subtropical highs, and the Coriolis effect. This creates broad wind belts, pressure zones, and ocean-route patterns.
Ocean skippers need the big picture before the local forecast: trade winds, westerlies, doldrums/ITCZ, monsoon regions, subtropical highs, fronts, and seasonal storm tracks.
- Air rises near the equator and sinks in subtropical highs.
- Trade winds blow towards the equator and are deflected by Coriolis.
- Mid-latitude westerlies and frontal depressions dominate many ocean routes.
- Seasonal movement changes route decisions.
| Feature | Typical effect | Planning concern |
|---|---|---|
| Trades | Persistent easterly component | Fast passages but squalls and acceleration zones |
| ITCZ | Light winds, squalls, thunderstorms | Crossing timing and fuel/water use |
| Subtropical high | Settled or light winds near centre | Calms and routing around high |
| Westerlies | Mobile lows and fronts | Gales, fronts, wave systems |
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